Ephraim provoked the Lord most bitterly—literally, “with bitternesses,” that is, with most heinous sins, such as are most grievously displea…

But the rift in the clouds closes again, and another severe rebuke follows. “Jacob” and “Israel” yield to the proud tribal name of Ephraim. This po…

The Prophet says first, that Ephraim had provoked God by his high places. Some, however, take the word תמרורים, tamerurim, for bi…

Ephraim provoked [him] to anger most bitterly The Vulgate Latin version supplies it, me; that is, God, as Kimchi; or his …

Ephraim became a merchant: the word also signifies a Canaanite. They carried on trade on Canaanite principles, covetously and with fraud and deceit…