Justified by works (εξ εργων εδικαιωθη). First aorist passive indicative of δικαιοω (see Galatians and Romans for this verb, to de…

Was not Abraham our father. He was our progenitor, our ancestor; the word father is used, as it frequently is in the Bible, to de…

Was not Abraham our father justified by works...?—St. James now addresses his two examples from familiar history in support of his…

The designation of Abraham as “our ancestor” (lit., “father”; GK 4252) agrees with evidence found elsewhere in the letter (e.g., 1:1) that James wr…

Was not Abraham. The Sophists seize upon the word justified, and then they triumphantly exclaim that justification is partly by w…

Was not Abraham our father justified by works
Not as the causes of his justification, that is denied, ([Reference Ro…

Those who substitute a mere intellectual belief in the gospel for the entirety of evangelical religion, as many do today, are mistaken. Undoubtedly…