The kings of the earth (ο βασιλεις της γης). Repeated in 1:5; 6:15; 17:18; 18:3,9; 19:19; 21:24 and "the kings of the inhabited ea…

With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication. Spiritual adultery. The meaning is that Papal Rome, unfaithful to God, and id…

Earth’s kings and inhabitants “committed adultery” with the prostitute. This language goes back to references to the harlot cities of the past (e.g…

With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication ,
&c.] These are the ten kings, who being of the same mi…

Rome clearly appears to be meant in this chapter. Pagan Rome subdued and ruled with military power, not by artifice and flatteries. She generally l…