Albert Barnes Commentary 1 Chronicles 5:1

"And the sons of Reuben the first-born of Israel (for he was the first-born; but, forasmuch as he defiled his father`s couch, his birthright was given unto the sons of Joseph the son of Israel; and the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright." — 1 Chronicles 5:1 (ASV)

His birthright was given... In particular, the right of the firstborn to a double inheritance (Deuteronomy 21:17) was conferred on Joseph. This happened both through the expressed will of Jacob (Genesis 48:22) and in the actual partition of Canaan (Joshua 16–17).

However, while the birthright’s material privileges passed to Joseph, its other rights—those of dignity and preeminence—fell to Judah, from whom the chief ruler came. This is an allusion especially to David, though it may also extend to include the Messiah, the true “Ruler” of Israel (Micah 5:2).