Albert Barnes Commentary 1 Kings 4:30

"And Solomon`s wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east, and all the wisdom of Egypt." — 1 Kings 4:30 (ASV)

Children of the east country - This phrase should be translated as “of the East”—the Beni Kedem. They were a distinct tribe who occupied both sides of the Euphrates along its middle course. They were mostly nomads who lived in tents (Jeremiah 49:28–29). Job belonged to them (Job 1:3), as did his three friends, and perhaps Balaam as well (Numbers 23:7). They must have been either Arabs or Aramaeans.

We can see the character of their “wisdom” in the Book of Job. Like Solomon’s, it was chiefly gnomic but also included some knowledge of natural history. In contrast, the “wisdom of Egypt” was of a different kind. It included magic (Genesis 41:8; Exodus 7:11), geometry, medicine, astronomy, architecture, and a dreamy, mystical philosophy of which metempsychosis was the main principle.

It is unlikely that Solomon was, like Moses, deeply versed in Egyptian science. The writer only means to say that Solomon's wisdom was truer and more real than all the much-praised wisdom of Egypt.