Albert Barnes Commentary 1 Peter 1:17

"And if ye call on him as Father, who without respect of persons judgeth according to each man`s work, pass the time of your sojourning in fear:" — 1 Peter 1:17 (ASV)

And if ye call on the Father. That is, if you are true Christians, or truly pious—piety being represented in the Scriptures as calling on God, or as the worship of God. See, for example, Acts 9:11; Genesis 4:26; 1 Kings 18:24; Psalms 116:17; 2 Kings 5:11; 1 Chronicles 16:8; Joel 2:32; Romans 10:13; Zephaniah 3:9; 1 Corinthians 1:2; and Acts 2:21.

The word "Father" here is used evidently not to denote the Father in contradistinction to the Son, but as referring to God as the Father of the universe (see 1 Peter 1:14: As obedient children). God is often spoken of as the Father of the intelligent beings whom he has made. Christians worship him as a Father—as one having all the feelings of a kind and tender parent towards them (see Psalm 103:13 and following).

Who without respect of persons. Impartiality. Who is not influenced in his treatment of men by a regard to rank, wealth, beauty, or any external distinction (Romans 2:11).

Judgeth according to every man's work. He judges each one according to his character, or to what he has done (Revelation 22:12; see also 2 Corinthians 5:10).

The meaning is, "You worship a God who will judge every man according to his real character, and you should therefore lead such lives as he can approve."

Pass the time of your sojourning. "Of your temporary residence on earth. This is not your permanent home, but you are strangers and sojourners" .

In fear. This means with true reverence or veneration for God and his law (Hebrews 12:28). Religion is often represented as the reverent fear of God (Deuteronomy 6:2, 13, 24; Proverbs 1:7; Proverbs 3:13; Proverbs 14:26–27; et saepe al.).