Albert Barnes Commentary 2 Kings 17:3

"Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him tribute." — 2 Kings 17:3 (ASV)

We know little about Shalmaneser, the successor of Tiglath-pileser in the Assyrian Canon, from Assyrian sources. This is because his records were mutilated by his successors, the Sargonids, who were from an entirely different family. The archives of Tyre mention him as a contemporary of a Tyrian king named Elulaeus, against whom he waged war.

The expedition mentioned here likely took place in Shalmaneser’s first year (727 B.C.). Its main objective was to subdue Phoenicia, which had reasserted its independence; however, all of Phoenicia, except for Tyre, was once again completely conquered. From there, Shalmaneser probably continued into Galilee, where he attacked and captured Beth-arbel (the Arbela of Josephus, now Irbid), treating it with great severity (Hosea 10:14). This was done to intimidate Hoshea, who immediately submitted and became tributary (see the marginal rendering and the note on 1 Kings 4:21). Shalmaneser then returned to Assyria.