Albert Barnes Commentary 2 Samuel 22:1

"And David spake unto Jehovah the words of this song in the day that Jehovah delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul:" — 2 Samuel 22:1 (ASV)

This song, which is also found as Psalm 18 with very few significant changes, takes its title from the words of the first verse. It dates to the early part of David’s reign, when he was recently established on the throne of all Israel. At that time, his final triumph over the house of Saul and over the pagan nations—the Philistines, Moabites, Syrians, Ammonites, and Edomites—was still recent (2 Samuel 21; 2 Samuel 22:44–46).

For a commentary on the individual verses, the reader is referred to the commentary on Psalm 18.