Albert Barnes Commentary Ezekiel 25:12

"Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Because that Edom hath dealt against the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and hath greatly offended, and revenged himself upon them;" — Ezekiel 25:12 (ASV)

Edom, so named from Esau, consisted of various tribes enumerated in (Genesis 36:0). The Edomites became a powerful nation before the Israelites came out of Egypt. David conquered them, but during the reign of Joram they rebelled and were not subdued again (2 Kings 8:20).

Under the name of Idumea, the land was conquered by John Hyrcanus , when many of the people adopted the religion of the Jews. In later times, the Idumean Herod became king of Palestine, reckoning himself as a Jew.

Later, Mount Seir, deserted by its original inhabitants, was occupied by a tribe of Arabians (the Nabatheans), under whom Petra rose and continued as a flourishing city under Roman dominion, until the tide of Islamic conquest brought it to the ruin in which Edom at last found the complete fulfillment of the prophecies uttered against it (Ezekiel 35:1–15).

Taking vengeance — Referring to the wrong done by Jacob to Esau (Genesis 27:36).