Albert Barnes Commentary Ezra 10:1

"Now while Ezra prayed and made confession, weeping and casting himself down before the house of God, there was gathered together unto him out of Israel a very great assembly of men and women and children; for the people wept very sore." — Ezra 10:1 (ASV)

Before the house of God - that is, in front of the temple, praying toward it (1 Kings 8:30, 1 Kings 8:35; Daniel 6:10), and thus in the sight of all the people who happened at the time to be in the great court.