Albert Barnes Commentary Isaiah 13:5

"They come from a far country, from the uttermost part of heaven, even Jehovah, and the weapons of his indignation, to destroy the whole land." — Isaiah 13:5 (ASV)

They come – That is, ‘Yahweh and the weapons of his indignation’ – the collected armies come. The prophet sees these assembled armies with Yahweh, as their leader, at their head.

From a far country – The country of the Medes and Persians. These nations, indeed, bordered on Babylonia, but still they stretched far to the north and east, and, probably, occupied nearly all the regions to the east of Babylon that were then known.

From the end of heaven – The Septuagint renders this, Ἀπ’ ἄκρου θεμελίου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (Ap’ akrou themeliou tou ouranou) – ‘From the “extreme foundation” of heaven.’

The expression in Hebrew, ‘From the end, or extreme boundary of heaven,’ means the distant horizon by which the earth appears to be bounded, where the sky and the land seem to meet.

In Psalms 19:6, the phrase ‘from the end of heaven’ denotes the east, where the sun appears to rise, and ‘unto the ends of it’ denotes the west:

His going forth is from the end of heaven;
And his circuit unto the ends of it.

It is here synonymous with the phrase ‘the end of the earth’ in Isaiah 5:26.

Even the Lord – The word ‘even,’ introduced here by the translators, weakens the force of this verse. The prophet means to say that Yahweh is coming at the head of those armies, which are the weapons of his indignation.

The weapons of his indignation – The assembled armies of the Medes and Persians, called ‘the weapons of his indignation,’ because by them he will accomplish the purposes of his anger against the city of Babylon (see the note at Isaiah 10:5).

To destroy the whole land – The whole territory of Babylonia, or Chaldea. Not only the city, but the nation and kingdom.