Albert Barnes Commentary Isaiah 36:19

"Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim? and have they delivered Samaria out of my hand?" — Isaiah 36:19 (ASV)

Where are the gods of Hamath ... — In regard to these places, see the notes at Isaiah 10:9-11.

Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? — Sepharvaim was probably in Mesopotamia. Ptolemy mentions a city there by the name of Sipphara, as the southernmost city of Mesopotamia, which is probably the same. It is evident that it was in the vicinity of Hamath and Arphad, and these are known to have been in Mesopotamia. When Shalmaneser carried Israel away captive from Samaria, he sent colonies of people into Palestine in their place, among whom were the Sepharvaim (2 Kings 17:24, 2 Kings 17:31).

And have they delivered Samaria — (See the note at Isaiah 10:11). The author of the Books of Chronicles expresses this in a more summary manner, and says that Rabshakeh joined Yahweh with the gods of the nations in the same language of reproach: And he spoke against the God of Jerusalem, as against the gods of the people of the earth, which were the work of the hands of man (2 Chronicles 32:19).