Albert Barnes Commentary Isaiah 54:5

"For thy Maker is thy husband; Jehovah of hosts is his name: and the Holy One of Israel is thy Redeemer; the God of the whole earth shall he be called." — Isaiah 54:5 (ASV)

For your Maker is your husband – Both these words, ‘maker’ and ‘husband,’ in Hebrew are in the plural number. But the form is evidently the pluralis excellentiae – a form denoting majesty and honor (see 1 Samuel 19:13, 1 Samuel 19:16; Psalms 149:2; Proverbs 9:10; Proverbs 30:3; Ecclesiastes 12:1; Hosea 12:1). Here it refers to ‘Yahweh of hosts,’ necessarily in the singular, as Yahweh is one (Deuteronomy 6:4).

No argument can be drawn from this phrase to prove that there is a distinction of persons in the Godhead, as the form is so often used evidently with a singular signification. That the words here properly have a singular signification was the evident understanding of the ancient interpreters. Thus Jerome states: Quia dominabitur tui qui fecit te – ‘Because He will rule over you who made you.’ So the Septuagint: Ὅτι κύριος ὁ ποιῶν σε, κ.τ.λ. (Hoti kurios ho poiōn se, etc.), ‘For the Lord who made you, the Lord of Sabaoth,’ etc.

So also the Chaldee and the Syriac. Lowth translates it, ‘For your husband is your Maker.’ The word rendered ‘husband,’ from בעל (ba‛al) – denotes properly the lord, maker, or ruler of anyone, or the owner of anything. It often, however, means to be a husband (Deuteronomy 21:13; Deuteronomy 24:1; Isaiah 62:5; Malachi 2:11) and is evidently used in that sense here.

The idea is that Yahweh would sustain to His people the relation of a husband. He who had made them, who had originated all their laws and institutions and molded them as a people (see the note at Isaiah 43:1), would now take His church under His protection and care (see the notes at Isaiah 62:5).

And your Redeemer – (See Notes on Isaiah 43:1-3).

The God of the whole earth – He will no longer be regarded as uniquely the God of the Jewish people, but will be acknowledged as the only true God, the God who rules over all the world. This refers undoubtedly to the times of the gospel, when He will be acknowledged as the God of the Gentiles as well as the Jews .