Albert Barnes Commentary Jeremiah 51:25

"Behold, I am against thee, O destroying mountain, saith Jehovah, which destroyest all the earth; and I will stretch out my hand upon thee, and roll thee down from the rocks, and will make thee a burnt mountain." — Jeremiah 51:25 (ASV)

O destroying mountain — A volcano which by its flames and hot lava streams “destroys the whole land.”

A burnt mountain — A burned-out mountain, of which the crater alone remains. Such was Babylon. Its destructive energy under Nebuchadnezzar was like the first outbreak of volcanic fires; its rapid collapse under his successors was as the same volcano when its flames have burned out, and its crater is falling in upon itself.