Albert Barnes Commentary John 19:23

"The soldiers therefore, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also the coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout." — John 19:23 (ASV)

His garments. The plural here is used to denote the outer garment. It was commonly made so as to be easily thrown on or off; and when they labored or walked, it was fastened around their waist. (See the notes on Matthew 5:40).

Four parts. It seems, from this, that there were four soldiers employed as his executioners.

His coat. His undergarment, called the tunic.

Was without seam. Josephus (Antiq., b. iii. ch. 8, 4) says of the garment or coat of the high priest that:

"This vesture was not composed of two pieces, nor was it sewn together upon the shoulders and the sides;
but it was one long vestment, so woven as to have an aperture for the neck.
It was also parted where the hands were to come out."

It seems that the Lord Jesus, the great High Priest of his people, had also a coat made in a similar manner. Compare Exodus 39:22.