Albert Barnes Commentary John 8:59

"They took up stones therefore to cast at him: but Jesus hid himself, and went out of the temple." — John 8:59 (ASV)

Then took they up stones. It seems they understood him as blaspheming and proceeded, even without a formal trial, to stone him as such, because this was the punishment prescribed in the law for blasphemy (Leviticus 24:16). See John 10:31. The fact that the Jews understood him in this sense is strong proof that his words naturally conveyed the idea that he was divine. This was in the temple. Herod the Great had not yet completed its repairs, and Dr. Lightfoot has remarked that stones would have been lying around the temple during its repair, which the people could easily use in their indignation.

Jesus hid himself. See Luke 4:30. That is, he either by a miracle rendered himself invisible, or he so mixed with the multitude that he was concealed from them and escaped. It cannot be determined which of these was the case.