Albert Barnes Commentary Leviticus 14

The leper was excluded not only from the sanctuary but also from the camp. The ceremony of restoration he had to undergo was therefore twofold. The first part, performed outside the camp, entitled him to come within and to mix with his brethren (Leviticus 14:3–9). The second part, performed in the court of the tabernacle and separated from the first by an interval of seven days, restored him to all the privileges of the covenant with Yahweh (Leviticus 14:10–32).

These birds were provided by the priest for the man. They were not, like the offerings for the altar, brought by the man himself (compare Leviticus 14:4 with Leviticus 14:10); they were not presented nor brought near the sanctuary, nor was any portion of them offered on the altar.

Cedar wood, and scarlet, and hyssop — These three substances were used as the common materials in rites of purification (Numbers 19:8; Psalms 51:7; Hebrews 9:19):

• The cedar, or juniper, whose resin or turpentine was a preservative against decay and was used in medicines for elephantiasis and other skin diseases.
• The scarlet, a tongue or band of twice-dyed scarlet wool, with which the living bird, the hyssop, and the cedar wood were tied together when they were dipped into the blood and water; the color expressed the rosiness associated with health and vital energy.
• The hyssop , probably the Caper plant, whose cleansing virtues as a medicine and use in the treatment of ulcers and diseases of the skin related to leprosy were known to the ancients.

It has been conjectured that the scarlet band was used to tie the hyssop to the cedar, creating a sort of brush convenient for sprinkling.

Running water - literally, living water, that is, water fresh from the spring (Genesis 26:19); (Numbers 19:17).

Seven times - The seal of the covenant, expressed in the number seven , was renewed in sprinkling him who, during his leprosy, had lived as an outcast. The details of a restoration to health and freedom appear to be well expressed in the whole ceremony.

Each of the birds represented the leper. They were to be of a clean kind, because they stood for one of the chosen race.

The death-like state of the leper during his exclusion from the camp was expressed by killing one of the birds. The living bird was identified with the slain one by being dipped in its blood mixed with the spring water that symbolized the process of purification, while the cured leper was identified with the rite by having the same water and blood sprinkled over him.

The bird then liberated was a sign that the leper left behind him all the symbols of the death disease and of the remedies associated with it, and was free to enjoy health and social freedom with his kind. Compare Colossians 2:12.

The best of all types of the healing of the Spirit, was the healing of the leper. In his formal cleansing, consecration, and atonement by sacrifice (see the notes at Leviticus 14:9-20), the ministers of the sanctuary bore public witness that he was restored to the blessing of communion with his people and with Yahweh. Hence, when the Son of God proved His divine mission by healing the lepers (Matthew 11:5), He did not excuse them from going to the priest to offer for the cleansing those things which Moses commanded (Mark 1:44; Luke 5:14), for a testimony to the people (Matthew 8:4).