Albert Barnes Commentary Luke 23:48

"And all the multitudes that came together to this sight, when they beheld the things that were done, returned smiting their breasts." — Luke 23:48 (ASV)

The things which were done. The earthquake, the darkness, and the sufferings of Jesus.

Smote their breasts. As a sign of alarm, fear, and anguish. They saw the judgments of God; they saw the guilt of the rulers; and they feared the further displeasure of the Almighty.