Albert Barnes Commentary Matthew 10:14

"And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, as ye go forth out of that house or that city, shake off the dust of your feet." — Matthew 10:14 (ASV)

Shake off the dust of your feet. The Jews taught uniformly that the dust of the Gentiles was impure and was to be shaken off. To shake off the dust from the feet, therefore, was a significant act, denoting that they regarded them as impure, profane, and heathenish, and unworthy of their instruction, and that they declined all further connection with them. It is recorded that this was actually done by some of the apostles. See Acts 13:51; Acts 18:6.