Albert Barnes Commentary Matthew 26:52

"Then saith Jesus unto him, Put up again thy sword into its place: for all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword." — Matthew 26:52 (ASV)

Thy sword into his place. Into the sheath.

For all they that take the sword, etc. This passage is capable of different meanings.

1. Those who resist by the sword the civil magistrate, will be punished; and it is dangerous, therefore, to oppose those who come with the authority of the civil ruler.
2. These men, Jews and Romans, who have taken the sword against the innocent, will perish by the sword. God will take vengeance on them. But,
3. The most satisfactory interpretation is that which regards it as a caution to Peter. Peter was rash. Alone he had attacked the whole band. Jesus told him that his unseasonable and imprudent defence might be the occasion of his own destruction. In doing it, he would endanger his life, for those who took the sword perished by it. This was probably a proverb, denoting that those who engaged in wars commonly perished there.