Albert Barnes Commentary Matthew 27:38

"Then are there crucified with him two robbers, one on the right hand and one on the left." — Matthew 27:38 (ASV)

Two thieves crucified, etc. Rather, two robbers. Pilate did not reside in Jerusalem. When he came there on the great feasts or at other times, it was, in part, to hold courts for the trial of criminals.

These robbers had probably been condemned at that time; and to show greater contempt for Jesus, he was crucified between men of that abandoned character, and on a cross that should have been occupied by their companion and leader, Barabbas.