Albert Barnes Commentary Matthew 9:36

"But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion for them, because they were distressed and scattered, as sheep not having a shepherd." — Matthew 9:36 (ASV)

Because they fainted. The word used here refers to the weariness and fatigue that results from labor and being burdened. He saw the people burdened with the rites of religion and the doctrines of the Pharisees; sinking down under their ignorance and traditions, neglected by those who ought to have been enlightened teachers, and scattered and driven out without care and attention.

With great beauty, he compares them to sheep wandering without a shepherd. Judea was a land of flocks and herds. The faithful shepherd, by day and night, was with his flock. He defended it, led it to green pastures, and beside the still waters.

Without his care, they would stray away. They were in danger of wild beasts. They panted in the summer sun and did not know where the cooling shade and stream were.

So, he said, it is with these people. No wonder that the compassionate Redeemer was moved with pity!