Albert Barnes Commentary Nehemiah 7:5

"And my God put into my heart to gather together the nobles, and the rulers, and the people, that they might be reckoned by genealogy. And I found the book of the genealogy of them that came up at the first, and I found written therein:" — Nehemiah 7:5 (ASV)

It is argued by some that the entire catalogue that follows (Nehemiah 7:7–73) is not the register of those “who came up ‘at the first,’” but of the Jewish people in Nehemiah’s time. (Nehemiah 7:7) and (Ezra 2:2), however, strongly support the usual view.

Furthermore, some arguments against this usual view are thought to be met by considering two points: first, that the Nehemiah mentioned in (Nehemiah 7:7) and (Ezra 2:2) is a person different from Nehemiah the governor; second, that “Tirshatha” was an official title likely to have belonged to others besides Nehemiah (see the Ezra 2:63 note).