Albert Barnes Commentary Numbers 22

The plains - Hebrew ערבה ‛ ărābâh; the word is the plural of the term used to denote the entire depressed tract along the Jordan and the Dead Sea, and onward, where it is still called the Arabah (Compare to Numbers 21:4 note), to the Elanitic gulf.

On this side Jordan by Jericho - Rather, across the Jordan of Jericho, that is, that part of the Jordan which skirted the territory of Jericho. This form of expression indicates the site of the camp in its relation to the well-known city of Jericho. See Deuteronomy 1:1.

Balak the son of Zippor - The comparison of (Numbers 22:4) with (Numbers 21:26) suggests that Balak was not the hereditary king but a Midianite, and that a change of dynasty had taken place. His father’s name, Zippor, “Bird,” reminds us of those of other Midianites, e.g., Oreb, “Crow,” Zeeb, “Wolf.” Possibly the Midianite chieftains had taken advantage of the weakness of the Moabites after the Amorite victories to establish themselves as princes in the land.

Balaam the son of Beor was from the first a worshipper, to some extent, of the true God, and had learned some elements of pure and true religion in his home in the far East, the cradle of the ancestors of Israel. But though prophesying, doubtless even before the ambassadors of Balak came to him, in the name of the true God, prophecy was still to him, as before, a mere business, not a religion. The summons of Balak proved to be a crisis in his career, and he failed under the trial.

When the gold and honors of Balak seemed to be finally lost, he became reckless and desperate; and, as if in defiance, counseled the evil stratagem by which he hoped to bring about indirectly the ruin of God’s people, which he had been prevented from accomplishing directly. He thus, like Judas and Ahithophel, set in motion a train of events that involved his own destruction.

The name Balaam signifies “destroyer,” or “glutton,” and is in part identical with “Bela, son of Beor,” the first king of Edom (Genesis 36:32). The name “Beor” (“to burn up”) is that of the father, or possibly ancestor, of the prophet.

Pethor, which is by the river of the land of the children of his people — Rather, Pethor which was ... land. Pethor (Pitru, Assyrian) was on the river Sagura (modern: Sajur) near its junction with the Euphrates.

Rewards of divination - Rightly interpreted in (2 Peter 2:15) as the wages of unrighteousness.

Balaam must surely have known that God’s blessing was on the people with whose marvelous march out of Egypt he was acquainted (Exodus 15:14; Exodus 18:1; Joshua 2:9), and from whom he had himself probably learned much (compare the language of Numbers 23:12 with Genesis 13:6, and that of Numbers 24:9 with Genesis 49:9). But his reply to the messengers next morning (Numbers 22:13), betrays the desire to venture to the utmost of what God would not forbid, rather than to carry out God’s will in wholehearted sincerity.