Albert Barnes Commentary Psalms 106:41

"And he gave them into the hand of the nations; And they that hated them ruled over them." — Psalms 106:41 (ASV)

And he gave them into the hand of the heathen - That is, of foreign nations. They were indeed “pagans,” in the sense in which that term is used today—that is, they were ignorant of the true God, and worshipped idols; but that idea is not necessarily in the original word. The word “Gentiles” expresses all that the word implies.

And they that hated them ruled over them - Had them in subjection.