Albert Barnes Commentary Psalms 78:58

"For they provoked him to anger with their high places, And moved him to jealousy with their graven images." — Psalms 78:58 (ASV)

For they provoked him to anger with their high places - places where idols were worshipped, usually on mountains or elevated places (Leviticus 26:30; compare 1 Kings 3:2; 1 Kings 12:31–32; 2 Kings 17:32; 2 Chronicles 33:17).

And moved him to jealousy - as one is when affections due to himself are bestowed upon another - as in the married life. With their graven images. Their idols. Graven images are here put for idols in general.