Albert Barnes Commentary Psalms 80:4

"O Jehovah God of hosts, How long wilt thou be angry against the prayer of thy people?" — Psalms 80:4 (ASV)

O Lord God of hosts—Yahweh, God of armies. This means either:

1. the God who rules among the hosts of heaven—the inhabitants of that holy world; or
2. God of the hosts of the sky—the worlds above—the stars, that seem marshalled as hosts or armies, and that are led forth each night with such order and grandeur; or
3. God of the hosts on earth—the armies that are mustered for war. This phrase is often applied to God. See the notes at Psalms 24:10 and at Isaiah 1:24.

How long will you be angry—Margin, as in Hebrew, will you smoke. The allusion is derived from the comparison of anger with fire. See the notes at Psalms 74:1.

Against the prayer of your people—That is, You do not answer their prayer; you seem to be angry against them even when they pray; or in the act of calling upon you. The earnest inquiry here is, how long this was to continue. It seemed as if it would never end. Compare the notes at Psalms 77:7-9.