Albert Barnes Commentary Psalms 94:10

"He that chastiseth the nations, shall not he correct, [Even] he that teacheth man knowledge?" — Psalms 94:10 (ASV)

He who chastises the nations — More literally, “Shall not the Reprover of nations — shall He not chastise — He who teaches man knowledge?” The idea is that God exercises government over the nations of the earth. He has them under His control, brings heavy judgments on them, and thus conveys great lessons to man.

And shall not such a Being, in individual cases, reprove and correct for sin? It is assumed here that God, in fact, brings judgments on nations. He does this by fire, flood, famine, and pestilence. These things are proofs that He presides over the nations of the earth. The question here is whether He who does this on a large scale must not be expected to do it in individual cases, so that the offender will not escape.

Shall He not correct? — Shall He not chastise, or bring judgments on offenders?

He who teaches man knowledge... — The idea in our translation, that He who imparts knowledge to mankind must Himself possess intelligence, is a true one, but it is probably not what is in the original. The sense is probably merely that God is the great Teacher. This is the impression intended to be impressed on the mind, leaving the consequences of this to be supplied by the reader: “He who teaches man all the knowledge that he has!” — reflect on the consequences of this, or what must follow from this!

Such a Being cannot be ignorant; He must understand all things. He must, therefore, see human conduct everywhere as it is. The consequence, the result of this, is stated in the next verse: that He must see the thoughts of man and understand his real character.