Albert Barnes Commentary Romans 10:1

"Brethren, my heart`s desire and my supplication to God is for them, that they may be saved." — Romans 10:1 (ASV)

ROMANS Chapter 10

Brethren. This expression seems intended particularly for the Jews—his long-standing friends, fellow-worshippers, and kinsmen—who had embraced the Christian faith. It is an expression of tenderness and affection, indicating his deep interest in their welfare.

My heart's desire. The word "desire" (eudokia) means benevolence; and the expression, my heart's desire, means my earnest and sincere wish.

Prayer to God. He not only cherished this feeling, but he also expressed it in prayer to God. He had no desire that his kinsmen should be destroyed and no pleasure in the appalling doctrine he had been defending. He still wished for their welfare and could still pray for them, that they might return to God.

Ministers take no pleasure in proclaiming the truth that people must be lost. Even when they declare the truths of the Bible that some will be lost—when they are constrained by the unbelief and wickedness of people to proclaim it of them—they can still sincerely say that they seek their salvation.

For Israel. For the Jewish nation.

That they might be saved. This clearly refers to salvation from the sin of unbelief and the consequences of sin in hell. It does not refer to the temporal calamities that were coming upon them, but to preservation from the eternal anger of God (1 Timothy 2:4). The reasons why the apostle begins this chapter in this tender manner are the following:

1. Because he had stated and defended one of the most offensive doctrines that could be preached to a Jew, and he wished to show them that it was not from any lack of affection for them, but that he was urged to it by the pressure of truth.
2. He was regarded by them as an apostate. He had abandoned them when bearing their commission and while on his way to carry out their favorite purposes, and had preached the doctrine they had sent him to destroy (Compare to Acts 9). He had opposed them everywhere; had proclaimed their pride, self-righteousness, and crime, in crucifying their Messiah; had forsaken all that they valued—their pomp of worship, their city, and their temple; and had gone to other lands to bear the message of mercy to the nations that they despised. He was willing to show them that this proceeded from no lack of affection for them, but that he still retained toward them the feelings of a Jew and could give them credit for much that they valued in themselves (Romans 10:2).
3. He was aware of the deep and dreadful condemnation that was coming upon them. In view of that, he expressed his tender regard for their welfare and his earnest prayer to God for their salvation. And we see here the proper feelings of a minister of the gospel when declaring the most terrible of the truths of the Bible. Paul was tender, affectionate, and kind; convincing by calm argument and not by harshly denouncing; stating the appalling truth, and then pouring out his earnest desires to God that he would avert the impending doom. So should the awful doctrines of religion be preached by all the ambassadors of God.