Albert Barnes Commentary Titus 3:10

"A factious man after a first and second admonition refuse;" — Titus 3:10 (ASV)

A man that is an heretic. The word heretic is now commonly applied to one who holds some fundamental error of doctrine: "a person who holds and teaches opinions repugnant to the established faith, or that which is made the standard of orthodoxy." (Webster). The Greek word used here (airetikos—haireticos) occurs nowhere else in the New Testament. The corresponding noun (airesis—hairesis) occurs in the following places, where it is rendered sect: Acts 5:17; Acts 15:5; Acts 24:5; Acts 26:5; and Acts 28:22. It also occurs in Acts 24:14; 1 Corinthians 11:19; Galatians 5:20; and 2 Peter 2:1, where it is rendered heresy and heresies. (See Barnes on Acts 24:14).

The true understanding of the word is that of one who is a promoter of a sect or party. The man who creates divisions in a church, instead of aiming to promote unity, is the one intended. Such a man may form sects and parties based on points of doctrine where he differs from others, or on some custom, religious rite, or peculiar practice.

He may make some unimportant matter a ground of distinction from his fellow believers, may refuse to have fellowship with them, and endeavor to form a new organization. Such a man, according to Scripture usage, is a heretic, and not merely one who holds a different doctrine from what is regarded as orthodoxy.

The spirit of the doctrine here is the same as in Romans 16:17, and the same class of persons is referred to: Mark them which cause divisions and offences contrary to the doctrine which ye have received; and avoid them. (See Barnes on Romans 16:17).

The word used here is defined by Robinson (Lexicon) as "one who creates dissensions, introduces errors—a factious person." It is not found in classical Greek but is often found in ecclesiastical writers. See Suicer's Thesaurus.

After the first and second admonition. . That is, do not do it hastily and rashly. Give him an opportunity to explain himself, and to repent and abandon his course. No man is to be cut off without being given a proper opportunity to vindicate his conduct and to repent if he has done wrong. If, after the first and second admonition, a man who is undoubtedly doing wrong will not repent, then he is to be cut off. The apostle does not say in what way this admonition is to be given, or whether it should be public or private. The language he uses would justify either, and the method to be adopted is doubtless to be determined by circumstances. The thing which is to be reached is, that his fault is to be fairly set before his mind.

Reject. paraitou. This word is rendered excuse in Luke 14:18-19; refuse in Acts 25:11, 1 Timothy 4:7, 1 Timothy 5:11, and Hebrews 12:25; avoid in 2 Timothy 2:23; and entreated in Hebrews 12:19. Its prevailing meaning, as used in contexts like this one, is to reject in relation to an office; that is, to decline appointing someone to an office.

It probably had a primary reference to that here, meaning that a man who was given to creating dissensions, or who was a factious person, should not be admitted to an office in the church. The general direction would also include this: that he should not be admitted to the church. He is neither to be recognized as a member nor admitted to office. (Compare Matthew 18:17: Let him be unto thee as a heathen man and a publican.) In regard to this passage, then, we may observe:

1. That the utmost limit which this allows is mere exclusion. It does not allow us to follow the offender with injury.
2. It does not authorize us to oppose someone on account of his mere private opinions. The essential idea is that of a factious, division-making man; a man who aims to form sects and parties, whether on account of opinions or from any other cause.
3. It does not make it right to deliver such a man over to the "secular arm," or to harm him in body, soul, property, or reputation. It gives no power to torture him on the rack, or with thumb-screws, or to bind him to the stake. It authorizes us not to recognize him as a Christian brother, or to admit him to an office in the church—but beyond this, it gives us no right to go. He still has a right to his own opinion, as far as we are concerned, and we are not to interfere with him in the enjoyment of that right.
4. It demands that, when a man is undoubtedly a heretic in the sense here explained, there should be the utmost kindness towards him, in order if possible to reclaim him. We should not begin by attacking and denouncing his opinions, or by formally arraigning him, or by blazoning his name abroad as a heretic; but he is to be dealt with in all Christian kindness and brotherly fidelity.

   He is to be admonished more than once by those who have the right to admonish him; and then, and then only, if he does not repent, he is to be simply avoided. That is to be an end of the matter so far as we are concerned. The power of the church ends there.

   It has no power to deliver him over to anyone else for persecution or punishment, or in any way to meddle with him. He may live where he pleases, pursue his own plans, hold his own opinions, or keep his own company, provided he does not interfere with us. And though we have a right to examine the opinions he may hold, yet our work with him is done. If these principles had been observed, what scenes of bloody and cruel persecution in the church would have been avoided!

"heretic": "a factious man"; "reject": .