A.T. Robertson Commentary 1 Corinthians 6:1

"Dare any of you, having a matter against his neighbor, go to law before the unrighteous, and not before the saints?" — 1 Corinthians 6:1 (ASV)

Dare any of you? (τολμα τις υμων; ). Does any one of you dare? Rhetorical question with present indicative of τολμαω, old verb from τολμα, daring. Bengel: grandi verbo notatur laesa majestas Christianorum. "The word is an argument in itself" (Robertson and Plummer). Apparently Paul has an actual case in mind as in chapter 1Colossians 5 though no name is called.

Having a matter against his neighbour (πραγμα εχων προς τον ετερον). Forensic sense of πραγμα (from πρασσω, to do, to exact, to extort as in Lu 3:13), a case, a suit (Demosthenes 1020, 26), with the other or the neighbour as in 10:24; 14:17; Galatians 6:4; Romans 2:1.

Go to law (κρινεσθα). Present middle or passive (ch. Romans 3:4) in the same forensic sense as κριθηνα in Mt 5:40. Κριτης, judge, is from this verb.

Before the unrighteous (επ των αδικων). This use of επ with the genitive for "in the presence of" is idiomatic as in 2 Corinthians 7:14, επ Τιτου, in the case of Titus. The Jews held that to bring a lawsuit before a court of idolaters was blasphemy against the law. But the Greeks were fond of disputatious lawsuits with each other. Probably the Greek Christians brought cases before pagan judges.