A.T. Robertson Commentary 2 Timothy 4:1

"I charge [thee] in the sight of God, and of Christ Jesus, who shall judge the living and the dead, and by his appearing and his kingdom:" — 2 Timothy 4:1 (ASV)

I charge thee (διαμαρτυρομα). Rather, "I testify." See 1 Thessalonians 4:6. See 1 Timothy 5:21 for this verb and appeal to God and Christ.

Who shall judge (του μελλοντος κρινειν). "The one going or about to judge" (regular idiom with μελλω). The quick and the dead (ζωντας κα νεκρους). "Living and dead." See 1 Thessalonians 4:16f.

And by his appearing (κα την επιφανειαν). Accusative of conjuration (verbs of swearing), after διαμαρτυρομα as is βασιλειαν (by his kingdom). See 1 Thessalonians 5:27. For επιφανειαν, see 1:10; Titus 2:13; 1 Timothy 6:14; 2 Thessalonians 2:8.