A.T. Robertson Commentary Luke 22

The Passover (πασχα) Both names (unleavened bread and passover) are used here as in Mr 14:1. Strictly speaking the passover was Nisan 14 and the unleavened bread 15-21. This is the only place in the N.T. where the expression "the feast of unleavened bread" (common in LXX, Ex. 23:15, etc.) occurs, for Mr 14:1 has just "the unleavened bread."Matthew 26:17 uses unleavened bread and passover interchangeably.

Drew nigh (ηγγιζεν). Imperfect active. Mr 14:1; Matthew 26:2 mention "after two days" definitely.

Sought (εζητουν). Imperfect active of ζητεω, were seeking, conative imperfect.

How they might put him to death (το πως ανελωσιν αυτον). Second aorist active deliberative subjunctive (retained in indirect question) of αναιρεω, to take up, to make away with, to slay. Common in Old Greek. Luke uses it so here and in 23:32 and eighteen times in the Acts, a favourite word with him. Note the accusative neuter singular article το with the whole clause, "as to the how, etc."

For they feared (εφοβουντο γαρ). Imperfect middle describing the delay of the "how." The triumphal entry and the temple speeches of Jesus had revealed his tremendous power with the people, especially the crowds from Galilee at the feast. They were afraid to go on with their plan to kill him at the feast.

Satan entered into Judas (εισηλθεν εις Ιουδαν). Ingressive aorist active indicative. Satan was now renewing his attack on Jesus suspended temporarily (Luke 4:13) "until a good chance." He had come back by the use of Simon Peter (Matthew 16:23). The conflict went on and Jesus won ultimate victory (Luke 10:18). Now Satan uses Judas and has success with him for Judas allowed him to come again and again (John 13:27). Judas evidently opened the door to his heart and let Satan in. Then Satan took charge and he became a devil as Jesus said (John 6:70). This surrender to Satan in no way relieves Judas of his moral responsibility.

Went away (απελθων). Second aorist active participle of απερχομα. He went off under the impulse of Satan and after the indignation over the rebuke of Jesus at the feast in Simon's house (John 12:4–6).

Captains (στρατηγοις). Leaders of the temple guards (Acts 4:1), the full title, "captains of the temple," occurs in verse 52.

How he might deliver him unto them (το πως αυτοις παραδω αυτον). The same construction as in verse 2, the article το with the indirect question and deliberative subjunctive second aorist active (παραδω).

Were glad (εχαρησαν). Second aorist passive indicative of χαιρω as in Mr 14:11. Ingressive aorist, a natural exultation that one of the Twelve had offered to do this thing.

Covenanted (συνεθεντο). Second aorist indicative middle of συντιθημ. An old verb to put together and in the middle with one another. In the N.T. outside of Joh 9:22 only in Luke (24:9). Luke only mentions "money" (αργυριον), but not "thirty pieces" (Matthew 26:15).