Charles Ellicott Commentary 1 Chronicles 10:10

"And they put his armor in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the house of Dagon." — 1 Chronicles 10:10 (ASV)

In the house of their gods. Alternatively, this could refer to a singular "god," as the Septuagint version of Samuel states, house of Ashtaroth, which the chronicler or his source may have paraphrased, perhaps from a repugnance to mentioning the idol’s name. Ashtoreth had a great temple at Ascalon, known as “Heavenly Aphrodite” (Herodotus, Hist. 1.108). The Queen of Heaven (Jeremiah 7:18) was worshipped by the Semitic races generally. Under the name of Ishtar, she was a chief goddess of the Assyrians and had famous temples at Nineveh and Arbela. The Sabeans worshipped her as Athtâr; and the name Ashtâr is coupled with Chemosh on the Moabite Stone.

Fastened his head in the temple of Dagon. Literally, and his skull (gulgôleth, compare Golgotha, Matthew 27:33) they fastened in the house of Dagon. Instead of this, we read in Samuel, and his corpse they fastened to the wall of Beth-shan. It is hardly likely that one reading is a corruption of the other. The chronicler has omitted the statement about Saul’s corpse, which is not mentioned in 1 Chronicles 10:9, and supplied one respecting his head, which has already been spoken of in that verse. He found this fact in his additional source, unless the clause in question has dropped out of the text of Samuel.

The Akkadians worshipped Dagon, as we learn from the cuneiform inscriptions; compare the name Ismi-Dagan (Dagon hears).