Charles Ellicott Commentary 1 Chronicles 4:31

"and at Beth-marcaboth, and Hazar-susim, and at Beth-biri, and at Shaaraim. These were their cities unto the reign of David." — 1 Chronicles 4:31 (ASV)

Beth-marcaboth = “house of chariots.”

Hazar-susim = “village of horses;” for which Hazarsusah is an equivalent (susah being used as a collective word).

Beth-birei. — Probably a corrupt writing of Beth-lebaoth, “house of lionesses” (Joshua 19:6), for which Joshua 15:32 has the contraction Lebaoth. There were lions in the wilds of Judah (1 Samuel 17:34). (1 Kings 13:24).

Shaaraim (two gates) is Sharuhen (Joshua 19:6), and Shilhim (Joshua 15:32). Sharuhen is known from Egyptian inscriptions (Sharuhuna).

These were their cities until the reign of David, and their villages. —Joshua 19:6 shows that this is the right punctuation: And Beth-lebaoth and Sharuhen: thirteen towns, and their villages.

Until the reign of David. — Does this mean that in the age of David the thirteen cities passed from the possession of the Simeonites? Ziklag, in any case, was at that time a Philistine borough (1 Samuel 27:6).