Charles Ellicott Commentary 1 Corinthians 15:45

"So also it is written, The first man Adam became a living soul. The last Adam [became] a life-giving spirit." — 1 Corinthians 15:45 (ASV)

And so it is written.—Better, And so it is written, The first man Adam became a living soul: the last Adam became a quickening spirit. The quotation here is from Genesis 2:7, and it is the latter part of that verse that is quoted. The Rabbinical explanation of that passage was that God breathed into man the breath of life originally, but that man became (not “was made”) only a living soul, i.e., one in whom the mere human faculties held sway, and not the spirit.

He became this lower thing by his own act of disobedience. Here, then, St. Paul contrasts the two Adams—the first man and Christ—from whom we derive our natural and spiritual natures, and our natural and spiritual bodies. The first Adam became, by his disobedience, a mere living soul, and from him we inherit that nature; the second Adam, by his obedience, became a life-giving spirit, and from Him we inherit the spiritual nature in us. The same verb which is expressed in the first clause must be understood in the second clause. The same thought is expressed in Romans 5:19.