Charles Ellicott Commentary 1 Kings 11:14

"And Jehovah raised up an adversary unto Solomon, Hadad the Edomite: he was of the king`s seed in Edom." — 1 Kings 11:14 (ASV)

Hadad the Edomite. —The name (or rather, title) Hadad (with the kindred names Hadar, Hadadezer or Hadarezer, and Benhadad) is most frequently found as a designation of the kings of Syria. Here, however, as also in Genesis 36:35, 1 Chronicles 1:46; 1 Chronicles 1:50, it is given to members of the royal family of Edom.

According to ancient authorities, it is a Syriac title of the sun — in this respect like the more celebrated title Pharaoh — assumed by the king, either as indicating descent from the sun-god, or simply as an appellation of splendour and majesty. The Hadad mentioned here seems to have been the last scion of the royal house, escaping alone, as a child, from the slaughter of his kindred and people.