Charles Ellicott Commentary 1 Samuel 28:4

"And the Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and encamped in Shunem: and Saul gathered all Israel together, and they encamped in Gilboa." — 1 Samuel 28:4 (ASV)

And pitched in Shunem. — As has already been described in the note on 1 Samuel 27:1, the Philistine army had penetrated into the heart of Palestine. Marching across the Valley of Jezreel, they took up a strong position on the southwestern slope of “Little Hermon,” near the village, or town, of Shunem, a little to the north of Jezreel. Shunem is known in biblical history as the home of Abishag (1 Kings 1:3) and the dwelling place of the woman who entertained Elisha, and whose dead son he raised to life (2 Kings 4:0).

It has been identified by modern travelers. Conder describes it as currently being only a mud hamlet, with cactus hedges and a spring; but the view, he says, extends as far as Mount Carmel, fifteen miles away. It is now called Sutêm.

And Saul gathered all Israel together, and they pitched in Gilboa. — Saul’s position was only a few miles distant from the camp of his enemies, on the slope of the hills opposite Shunem, but separated by the deep Valley of Jezreel. From the high ground near his camp, Saul could plainly see the entire Philistine army. Mount Gilboa is the name given to a range of lofty hills, rising 1,500 feet above the sea, and consisting of white chalk.