Charles Ellicott Commentary 1 Samuel 7:2

"And it came to pass, from the day that the ark abode in Kiriath-jearim, that the time was long; for it was twenty years: and all the house of Israel lamented after Jehovah." — 1 Samuel 7:2 (ASV)

And it came to pass, while the ark remained in Kirjath-jearim, that the time was long; for it was twenty years. —Literally, And it came to pass, from the day that the Ark rested at Kirjath-jearim, that the time was long; for it was twenty years. There is something very touching in this sad note of time. We think we read Samuel’s own words here. The tireless worker for God and His dear people found the twenty years a weary period of waiting. We must not, however, by any means suppose that Israel’s hungering after their God-Friend only began after the twenty years of sorrow were over.

It had been a stern time of trial. The great victory of Aphek and the destruction of Shiloh had laid all Israel at the feet of their Philistine enemies, and they, we know, made their supremacy bitterly felt. The restoration of the Ark in no way signified that they loosened their hold on the conquered people. This long time, when the hand of Philistia pressed so heavily on Israel, was the important period of Samuel’s life. For these twenty years, he must have labored incessantly to revive the ancient worship of the Eternal and the pure life loved by God among the people. The early dreams of his boyhood days, the hopes excited by his burning enthusiasm, were scattered to the winds.

The fatal battle of Aphek, the capture of the holy Ark, the death of his old guardian, the great high priest and judge Eli, the sack and devastation of Shiloh, the beloved sanctuary, and the terrible and continued oppression of Philistia, had opened the eyes of the young, inspired man of God. Taught by the bitter lessons of adversity, he saw that the nation could not be saved by a bold stroke from a few gallant patriots; Samuel the seer, after the crushing defeat of Aphek, recognized that all such efforts would only sink the nation into still lower depths of degradation and misery.

Other and different things were needed before the lion standard of Judah could be safely unfurled, or the war-cry of Ephraim raised on her mountains. “What methods he used, we are not told, or what his way of life was during those twenty years of waiting and work; but probably the life of the young prophet-judge was that of a fugitive, going secretly from place to place to teach and preach, hiding in the caverns in the limestone ranges of Judea, emerging from there to visit now one part of the country and now another, always in danger, but gradually stirring up not only those districts contiguous to the Philistines but all Israel to a sense of the greatness of their sins, and to the necessity of renewed trust in and a return to their old love for their God.

And so a fresh spiritual life gradually sprang up among the people, and with it came the certainty of the future restoration of their national independence.” — Dean Payne Smith.

And all the house of Israel lamented after the Lord. —The English Version is exceptionally fitting here. The Hebrew word rendered as “lamented after” has been variously translated and paraphrased. The Syriac translates, “they all cast themselves down after Jehovah.” Gesenius and some others would translate “were assembled together;” others, “the people of Israel quieted themselves, and in quiet devotion followed Jehovah,” but the English Version is best on all grounds. This “lamenting” or hungering after the Lord was a gradual result of Samuel’s tireless labors.

The assertion of 1 Samuel 3:19, that none of his words fell to the ground, especially belongs to this period of restless activity, when dangers and apparently insurmountable difficulties hemmed him in. Slowly, but surely, the heart of the people, roused by his loving but passionate appeals, returned to their Eternal Friend. Sick of crime and folly, they gradually began to hate their impurity and moral degradation; little by little, they began to loathe their idolatry. And when Samuel, after his twenty years of faithful, restless work among them, summoned them boldly to declare their abhorrence of the foreign Philistine gods and the way of life taught and lived by the Philistine peoples, the heart of all Israel responded with intense gladness to the summons.

Then the wise and patriotic statesman-prophet saw that the hour of deliverance and national restoration had struck. No longer did solitary hamlets and scattered families mourn after the glorious Eternal and His pure, holy worship and life; but the heart of a whole people mourned after the Lord and hungered for His presence among them once more.