Charles Ellicott Commentary 2 Corinthians 7:12

"So although I wrote unto you, I [wrote] not for his cause that did the wrong, nor for his cause that suffered the wrong, but that your earnest care for us might be made manifest unto you in the sight of God." — 2 Corinthians 7:12 (ASV)

Therefore, though I wrote to you.—The reference to the man who had suffered wrong implies that the offender in 1 Corinthians 5:1 had married his stepmother during his father’s life. All other interpretations—such as those which make St. Paul or the community the injured party—are fantastic. But in what sense was the father injured? The union was a marriage, not a mere concubinage or adultery (see Note on 1 Corinthians 5:1), and it could not have been so unless the first marriage had been dissolved by a divorce.

But if the husband had divorced the wife, then, though the son’s marriage may have shocked people as immoral, the father could hardly be said to have suffered a wrong to which he had exposed himself by his own act. The probable explanation is found in supposing that the wife, seduced by her stepson or seducing him, had divorced herself. Wives had this power under Roman law; and it was used with such license under the Empire, that Juvenal speaks of one woman of rank who had—

“Eight husbands in five autumns. Do you laugh?
The thing reads well upon an epitaph.”—Satire 6.230.

On this assumption the father had, of course, sustained a very grievous wrong. There is an obvious tone of impatience, almost of annoyance, in the way in which St. Paul speaks of the whole business. It was one of those scandals in which, though it had been necessary to assert the law of purity and enforce the discipline of the Church, he could not bring himself at the time to feel any special interest in either of the parties.

Afterwards, when the sinner was repentant, there came, it is true, a new feeling of pity for him, as in 2 Corinthians 2:6–8. But when he wrote, it was with a larger aim: to show them how much he cared for his disciples at Corinth, how jealous he was to clear away any stains that affected their reputation as a Church.

It is noticeable that no mention is made of the woman’s repentance, nor, indeed, of her coming, in any way, under the discipline of the Church. The facts of the case suggest the conclusion that both husband and wife were unbelievers, and that the son was the only convert of the family. In this case, we may fairly assume that she had played the part of temptress, and that his conscience, though weak, had been the more sensitive of the two.

On this view, the exhortations against being unequally yoked together with unbelievers gain fresh significance. Possibly, some idolatrous festival had furnished the first opportunity for sin, and so the fact served as a special protest against any attempt to combine the worship of Christ with that of Belial.