Charles Ellicott Commentary 2 Samuel 24:15

"So Jehovah sent a pestilence upon Israel from the morning even to the time appointed; and there died of the people from Dan even to Beer-sheba seventy thousand men." — 2 Samuel 24:15 (ASV)

The time appointed. —Considerable difficulty has arisen with this expression; but, if the Hebrew can support this meaning, it may be understood sufficiently well as the time (somewhat less than three days, 2 Samuel 24:16), which God, in His good pleasure, determined. The Hebrew, however, likely means “time of assembly,” which is generally understood to signify the time of the evening sacrifice; the Chaldee understands it this way, and so does St. Jerome. This would reduce the time of the pestilence to a single day.

When the angel. —The abruptness of mentioning “the angel” here is removed in 1 Chronicles 21:15, “And God sent an angel unto Jerusalem to destroy it; and as he was destroying it, the Lord beheld, and he repented,” etc.

Threshing-place. —Better, threshing-floor, as the same word is translated in 2 Samuel 24:18; 2 Samuel 24:21; 2 Samuel 24:24.

Araunah the Jebusite. —The name is variously spelled, “Avarnah” (text), “Aranyah” (2 Samuel 24:18, text), and “Aravnah” (margin); in Chronicles it is uniformly “Ornan.” The latter is thought to be the Hebrew name, and the former the Jebusite name, slightly varied in expression in Hebrew. He was a Jebusite, i.e., descended from the former possessors of Jerusalem; but we are not told whether he was now a proselyte.

When he saw the angel. —More fully (1 Chronicles 21:16), “And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the Lord stand between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem.”

These sheep. —David seeks to take all blame upon himself and prays that punishment may fall only on him and his father’s house. But, without debating the question of how far the people actively shared in David’s sin, his prayer could not be granted. Such was the divinely ordained federal relation between the ruler and his people that they were necessarily involved in the guilt of their head.