Charles Ellicott Commentary Colossians 1:20

"and through him to reconcile all things unto himself, having made peace through the blood of his cross; through him, [I say], whether things upon the earth, or things in the heavens." — Colossians 1:20 (ASV)

Having made peace through the blood of his cross.—On this verse, where Saint Paul returns to the subject of the Atonement, with which he began, compare Ephesians 2:13-18, and Notes there.

In the Ephesian Epistle the treatment of the subject is fuller, and in one point more comprehensive, namely, in bringing out emphatically the unity of all, Jews and Gentiles alike, with one another, as well as their unity with Christ. But, on the other hand, this passage involves deeper and more mysterious teaching in this—that it includes in the reconciliation by the blood of Christ, not merely all humanity, but all things, whether things on earth or things in heaven.

This is, indeed, only a fuller exposition of the truth that God was in Christ reconciling the world (the kosmos) to Himself (2 Corinthians 5:19); and that the whole creation waiteth, in constant expectation, for the manifestation of the sons of God, and shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God (Romans 8:19–21).

But it is couched in more distinct and striking terms, opening to us a glimpse of the infinite scope, not merely of our Lord’s Mediatorship, but of His Atonement, which, while it almost bewilders, yet satisfies the thoughtful understanding, and more than satisfies an adoring faith. As there seems to be a physical unity in the universe, if we may believe the guesses of science, so, says Holy Scripture, there is a moral and spiritual unity also in Jesus Christ.

Colossians 1:21–23 apply this truth of the Mediatorial work of the Lord Jesus Christ to the particular case of the Colossians. The subject here touched is more fully worked out in Ephesians 2:1-2; Ephesians 2:11–18; the alienation is there described as not only from God, but from His covenanted people; the reconciliation is with God and man in one great unity.