Charles Ellicott Commentary Deuteronomy 10:4

"And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which Jehovah spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and Jehovah gave them unto me." — Deuteronomy 10:4 (ASV)

According to the first writing, the ten commandments. —The words written on the second tablets were the same which had been written on the first.

In the day of the assembly. —Or, in New Testament language, “the day of the Church.” The Pentecost of the Old Testament was the day when the letter was given; the Pentecost of the New Testament was the day of the Spirit that giveth life. Each of these aspects of God’s covenant produced a Church after its kind.