Charles Ellicott Commentary Esther 1:9

"Also Vashti the queen made a feast for the women in the royal house which belonged to king Ahasuerus." — Esther 1:9 (ASV)

Vashti. —According to Gesenius, the name Vashti means beautiful. Among the Persians it was customary that one wife of the sovereign should be supreme over the rest, and we sometimes find her exercising an authority which contrasts strangely with the degraded position of women generally. Such a one was Atossa, the mother of Xerxes.

Vashti, too, before her deposition, was evidently the queen par excellence. We find, however, that the name given by the Greek writers to the queen of Xerxes was Amestris, of whose cruelty and dissolute life numerous details are given us by Herodotus and others. There seem good grounds for believing that she was the wife of Xerxes before he became king, which, if established, would in itself be sufficient to disprove the theory of some who would identify Esther and Amestris.

Moreover, Herodotus tells us (7:61. 82) that Amestris was the cousin of Xerxes, the daughter of his father’s brother; and although we cannot view Esther as of a specially high type of womanhood, still it would be most unjust to identify her with one whose character is presented to us in a most unlovely guise. Bishop Wordsworth suggests that Amestris was a wife who had great influence with Xerxes between the fall of Vashti and the rise of Esther.

If, however, Amestris was really the chief wife before Xerxes came to the throne, this could hardly be, and the time allowed seems much too scanty, seeing that the invasion of Greece occurred within that time. Or, lastly, we may say with Canon Rawlinson that Vashti is Amestris (the two names being different reproductions of the Persian, or Vashti being a sort of title) and that the deposition was a temporary one.

The women. —There should be no article.