Charles Ellicott Commentary Exodus 15:1

"Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song unto Jehovah, and spake, saying, I will sing unto Jehovah, for he hath triumphed gloriously: The horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea." — Exodus 15:1 (ASV)

Then sang Moses and the children of Israel. — With his usual modesty, Moses does not say that he composed the magnificent ode which follows, but it is hardly conceivable that it could have had any other author. It bears a close resemblance to the Egyptian religious poetry, with which Moses—and probably no other Israelite of that time—would have been familiar from his early training; and it breathes an elevated tone of religious sentiment that was scarcely shared with Moses by any contemporary. The prophetic statements in the later verses of the hymn have led some to assign it a date later than Joshua; but the vagueness of these statements stands in remarkable contrast to the definiteness and graphic power of the descriptive portion, and points to the time of Moses for its composition.

The poetic genius shown in the composition is, no doubt, very considerable; but the statement that it transcends all later Hebrew poetry would not have been made by any critic whose judgment was not biased by his theories. The ode is distinguished from later similar compositions by greater simplicity in the language, and greater freedom in the rhythmical arrangement. There is the usual “parallelism of clauses,” with its three varieties of “antithetic, synthetic, and synonymous;” but the regular cadence is interrupted with unusual frequency by triplet stanzas, and the parallelism is less exact than that of later times.

The ode divides itself into two portions (Exodus 15:1–12 and Exodus 15:13-18): the first retrospective, the second prospective. Part II has no subdivisions; but Part I consists of three, or perhaps we should say of four, portions. First comes the burden, or refrain (Exodus 15:1), which was repeated at the close of each subdivision by Miriam and her choir of women (Exodus 15:21). Then we have the first stanza, or strophe, reaching from Exodus 15:2-5.

Next we have stanza or strophe 2, extending from Exodus 15:6-10. After this, stanza or strophe 3, comprising Exodus 15:11-12. These shorter, and as it were tentative, efforts are followed by the grand burst of prophetic song which constitutes Part II, and extends from Exodus 15:13-18, terminating with the sublime utterance, beyond which no thought of man can go, The Lord shall reign for ever and ever.

I will sing. — It may convey to the ordinary reader some idea of the rhythm of the ode to transcribe into Roman characters and accentuate this opening passage, which is as follows:—

Ashirah layhováh ki gaóh gaáh,
Sus v’rokebo ramáh bayyám.

He hath triumphed gloriously. —Heb., he hath glorified himself gloriously (ἐνδόξως δεδόξασται, Septuagint). The main idea implied in the verb gââh is exaltation.