Charles Ellicott Commentary Ezekiel 40:17

"Then brought he me into the outer court; and, lo, there were chambers and a pavement, made for the court round about: thirty chambers were upon the pavement." — Ezekiel 40:17 (ASV)

The prophet is now taken across the outer court, which he describes on the way (Ezekiel 40:17–19), to the north gate (Ezekiel 40:20), and then to the south gate (Ezekiel 40:24).

Outward court.— The Temple of Ezekiel has two courts, an outer and an inner; but there is no appropriation of these courts to the special use of any classes. It may be assumed that the inner court, from its size and arrangements, was for the priests engaged in the sacrifices, and the outer for the people generally.

A pavement.— Compare to 2 Chronicles 7:3; Esther 1:6. The word is generally understood to mean a tesselated or mosaic pavement.

Thirty chambers.— The size and location of these chambers is not given. In accordance with the general symmetry of the arrangements, it may be assumed that there were ten on each of the three sides not occupied by the Temple buildings, and that five were on each side of the gate. They are conjecturally indicated on Plan II. (page 124, Ezekiel 40:44–49) by DD. They are drawn as if joined together; but this is not certain. Such chambers for the use of officiating priests and Levites, and for the storage of the tithes, are mentioned both in connection with Solomon’s Temple and with that of the restoration (Jeremiah 36:10; 1 Chronicles 9:26; Nehemiah 10:38–39).