Charles Ellicott Commentary Ezekiel 43:13

"And these are the measures of the altar by cubits (the cubit is a cubit and a handbreadth): the bottom shall be a cubit, and the breadth a cubit, and the border thereof by the edge thereof round about a span; and this shall be the base of the altar." — Ezekiel 43:13 (ASV)

A cubit and a handbreadth.— The measurement of the altar begins with the statement that the cubit used was of the same length as before . The description that follows (Ezekiel 43:13–17) will be made clearer by a simple diagram, with references to the parts described. The size of the base of the altar, it will be seen, was 16 cubits square, and its entire height was either 11 or 12 cubits.

The altar in Solomon’s Temple was of brass, 20 cubits square, and 10 cubits high (2 Chronicles 4:1), while that in the Tabernacle (of shittim wood overlaid with brass) had been 5 cubits square, and 3 cubits high (Exodus 27:1). That in Herod’s Temple is said to have been 32 cubits square, and 10 cubits high, and was of hewn stone. The dimensions of Ezekiel’s altar seem to have been selected for the symmetry of the numbers in the several parts. In height it exceeded any of the others.

• Base or “bottom,” 1 cubit high, and 1 broad. This was 16 cubits square.
• “The border of it,” a span or ½ cubit. It is uncertain whether this projected, forming a moulding as at b, and in this case was under c, and so increased the height of the altar; or whether it was as at b′, a ledge around 100. In Ezekiel 43:13 “higher place” should be base. The word means, primarily, arched, then a back, and then a support.
• The “lower settle,” 2 cubits high, and 1 broad.
• The “greater (or higher) settle,” 4 cubits high.
• The “altar” (Harel) — literally, the mountain of God —4 cubits high, and 12 cubits square.
• The “altar” (Ariel) — literally, the lion of God —the hearth of the same size, but the height not given, but probably not more than ½ cubit.
• The “horns.” The whole height was eleven cubits or more, according to whether the height of f is included in that of e, and whether b passed under c, or was merely a ledge.

Ezekiel 43:18–27 makes careful provision for the consecration of the altar just described. This is to be compared with Exodus 40:0 and Leviticus 8:0, although in that case the consecration of the altar and of the priests were joined together, while here that of the altar alone is described.