Charles Ellicott Commentary Hebrews 13:24

"Salute all them that have the rule over you, and all the saints. They of Italy salute you." — Hebrews 13:24 (ASV)

That have the rule over you.—Better, that are your leaders: see Hebrews 13:7; Hebrews 13:17.

They of Italy salute you.—These much discussed words are consistent with either of two hypotheses:—

1. That the writer is in Italy, and salutes “the Hebrews” in the name of the Christians of Italy:
2. That the writer is addressing a Church of Italy, and sends greeting from Christians who have their home in Italy, but are now with him.

(See Introduction.)