Charles Ellicott Commentary Isaiah 10:22

"For though thy people, Israel, be as the sand of the sea, [only] a remnant of them shall return: a destruction [is] determined, overflowing with righteousness." — Isaiah 10:22 (ASV)

Though thy people Israel be as the sand of the sea. — The word “remnant” has, however, its aspect of severity as well as of promise. People are not to expect that they, the hypocrites and evildoers, shall escape their punishment. The promise of restoration is for the remnant only. (Compare Saint Paul’s application of the text in Romans 9:27-28).

The consumption decreed shall overflow with righteousness. — Literally, a finished (or final) work, decisive, overflowing with righteousness. A similar phrase appears again in Isaiah 28:22 and Daniel 9:27. The “finished work” is that of God’s judgment, and it “overflows with righteousness” at once punitive and corrective.