Charles Ellicott Commentary Isaiah 23:11

"He hath stretched out his hand over the sea, he hath shaken the kingdoms: Jehovah hath given commandment concerning Canaan, to destroy the strongholds thereof." — Isaiah 23:11 (ASV)

He shook the kingdoms. —The picture of the great convulsion of the time includes more than Tyre and its subject states. Egypt, Ethiopia, Babylon, Syria, Israel, Judah, were all affected, shaken to their very foundations, by the rapid progress of the restored Assyrian empire under Tiglath-pileser and his successors.

Against the merchant city. —Literally, Canaan (the word “city” being an interpolation), taken here as equivalent to Phoenicia. So in Joshua 5:1, the Septuagint translates “Canaanites” by “Phoenicia.”